Chinese companies often use quarterly ratings to assess and update their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance. This approach allows investors and stakeholders to stay informed about a company's performance. This study investigated variations in the effect of ESG...

In urban China, gender gaps in employment and earnings have steadily increased since the 1990s. Such gender gaps are important because pension rights and amounts are based on labor force participation and wages. However, as this study demonstrates, despite the rise in gender differences in the...

In urban China, gender gaps in employment and earnings have steadily increased since the 1990s. Such gender gaps are important because pension rights and amounts are based on labor force participation and wages. However, as this study demonstrates, despite the rise in gender differences in the...