rate by the central bank. This study investigates the effect of unregulated exchange rates on the trade balance in Somalia … unregulated exchange rates on the trade balance. The study finds that currency depreciation worsens trade balance both in the long …- and short-run, while long-term currency appreciation has a significant impact on trade balance but significant positive …

current account balance. This relationship is preserved in the case of the goods trade balance, but it becomes statistically … insignificant and disappears if the services trade balance is considered. When we examine different types of loans, our findings … negative relationship with the services trade balance although the concurrent effect is rather small. …

gross domestic product (GDP) volume, GDP growth rate, and merchandise trade balance (MTB) influence the frequency of AD …