Purpose - Egypt could face total water depletion by 2050 due to the current waterscarcity of aboutseven billion cubic meters. Climatic shocks worsen this crisis, alongside Ethiopia's unilateral construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). This has caused a stalemate, raising...

Physical climate risks significantly influence banks' collateral practices. Drawing on comprehensive loan-level data from Sweden, we find that adverse weather events increase both the likelihood and the amount of collateral required for new loans. For existing loans, banks are less inclined to...

A central challenge in the global transition to cleaner energy is how governments can design policies that deliver large social benefits while facing trade-offs in energy security, fiscal costs, and household adoption frictions. We study this question in urban Nepal, where cooking is dominated...