Liability for preventing and remediating environmental damage in Germany is mostly enforced by national liability legislation for preventing and remediating land/soil, water, and biodiversity damage, and environmental permitting and planning legislation. Competent authorities tend to enforce...

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...

There were 32 potential ELD occurrences from the time that the ELD was transposed into Estonian law in December 2007 and 2019. Of these, 14 occurrences involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to water, six involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to land, and 21 involved an...

By the end of 2018, there had been 146 ELD occurrences in Greece, of which 29 involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to biodiversity, 61 involved water damage, and 69 involved land/soil damage. The number of ELD occurrences since that time is not available. Greece does not have...

Between 1 August 2008, when the ELD was transposed into Portuguese law, and the end of 2020, there were 21 ELD occurrences involving an imminent threat of environmental damage in Portugal; seven involved damage to land, 13 involved damage to land and water, and one involved damage to water....

There were five ELD occurrences in Sweden between 1 August 2007 (when the ELD was transposed into Swedish law) and 30 April 2013. The number of ELD occurrences in Sweden since that time cannot be verified. The Environmental Protection Agency is collecting data to contribute to a new report that...

Czechia has national legislation for preventing and remediating damage to land/soil, waters and nature. Competent authorities tend to implement national environmental liability legislation, including environmental permitting legislation, instead of national ELD legislation. As of November 2021,...