Purpose - This study evaluates whether firms carry out hedging activities on interest rates and foreign exchange to mitigate the effect of financial constraints caused by the informational disadvantage. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, the financial reporting quality is measured with...

From an Internal Audit perspective, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into credit risk modelling through Machine Learning (ML) algorithms presents significant challenges due to the complexity and multidimensional nature of these models. While AI enhances predictive performance and...