upgrading via factor endowment upgrading and factor synergy, with the goal of addressing development bottlenecks. Using 2013 …-2024 provincial panel data, NQPFs are measured through the entropy weight-TOPSIS method (factor endowment upgrading) and a coupled … outperforming factor endowment upgrading. Its promotion of advancement is universal, but its impact on rationalization is regionally …

Special Issue brings these two traditions into dialogue in order to examine how upgrading is (partially) attained-or how it …-to analyze how public and private actors pursue upgrading strategies under MI-trap conditions. We develop a typology of Actors …' Upgrading Strategies along two dimensions: loci of agency (state vs. firm/chain) and modes of action (transformative vs …

firms pursuing upgrading in a natural resources-intensive and a classical manufacturing sector: agrobiotechnology and auto … parts. Through a structured comparison, we inductively characterize three distinctive trajectories of upgrading, which we … call subordinate, defiant, and path-breaking. They differ in the type of upgrading they entail, the technological and …

As China's economic restructuring and industrial upgrading advances, hard technology innovation has become a critical … theoretical framework based on complex system theory to explore how hard technology innovation drives value chain upgrading and … chain upgrading. The regression analysis examines the direct and indirect (value chain upgrading) effects of hard technology …

national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading …