Melhim, Sadiq H.; Isaifan, Rima J. - In: Economies : open access journal 13 (2025) 11, pp. 1-25
(GCC) region, where rapid urbanization, population growth, and high mobility demand continue to shape energy use. This … study aims to quantify the extent to which economic growth and urbanization drive transport-related CO2 emissions across …, while the influence of urbanization varies: positive in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, where expansion is car-dependent, and …