As seldom before, the current war in Ukraine has seen the use of World War II analogies by belligerents and also some …, reference is typically made to the last major war of one's own country. That is, however, seldom a good idea, since critical … conditions have usually changed in the meantime. This is illustrated here by four case studies, two based on a World War II, and …

With 70 million dead, World War II remains the most devastating conflict in history. Of the survivors, millions were … on labor market careers and show that they often become apparent only at certain life stages. While war injuries reduced … employment in old age, former prisoners of war postponed their retirement. Many displaced workers, particularly women, never …

Three years of war, sanctions and Russia's isolation from the global community have changed its economy in many ways … persist. War has also exacerbated Russia's already poor demographic trends. While a break in the war and relaxation of …, Russia's heavy dependence on China undoubtedly continues. An end to the war, even an ugly end, would reduce pressure for …

In post-war elections a large number of citizens vote for political parties with deep roots in the violent … dramatically. This study explores the correlates of civil war belligerent party performance in contexts emerging from ethnic wars … conflicts. The study embeds illustrative case studies of ethnic wars within an original cross-national database of founding post-war …

For the past three years, Ukraine has not allowed Russia to win its illegal war of aggression. During long periods of … the war, the parties have found themselves in a military and diplomatic stalemate. Now US President Donald Trump has sided … 2022, no longer applies for Washington. Trump has fundamentally changed both the international environment in which war is …

The war in Ukraine triggered a big energy crisis, which particularly escalated in the winter of 2023 throughout all … comparing the periods of the month preceding the war in Ukraine in 2022 and the peak of the energy crisis, which occurred in the … winter of 2023. Furthermore, the paper examines how the attitudes related to the war influenced these behaviours. The results …