are used: (1) a measure of a schools' average socioeconomic status and (2) a measure of unsatisfied basic needs at … academic achievement as an additional year of schooling; two years if the improvement occurs in the index of unsatisfied basic … needs. These results are robust for mathematics, reading and science. Results from quantile regression reveal that students …

basic needs from the baseline of market income to construct what this Article terms a “basic needs baseline.” The method … methodology treats expenses for basic needs as implicit taxes or burdens from government inaction, when the government does not … provide for them, rather than as affirmative benefits when the government does provide for them.A basic needs baseline does …

once site, gender and basic needs were considered. Patterns of life satisfaction reflect material differences in people …-sectional analysis showed gender and site to predict of life satisfaction, which was lower in urban sites and amongst men. Meeting basic … needs, including economic security better predicted life satisfaction than household income, which had no predictive power …

the year 2021. The cost of basic needs approach and the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (FGT) method were used to establish …