Bei ihrer Gründung 1889 dominierte in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung das Ziel, Armut bei Invalidität und im Alter zu lindern. Dies wurde erst 1957 mit der großen Rentenreform anders. Seitdem dienen Renten nicht mehr nur als Zuschuss zur Finanzierung des Lebensunterhalts, sondern als...

Das Herzstück des sogenannten Rentenpakets des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales ist die Zuschussrente. Sie soll niedrige Renten von Personen mit einem vollen Erwerbsleben aufstocken. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Zuschussrente mit großen Ungleichbehandlungen und negativen...

Small-scale fisheries, Poverty, Vulnerability, Bangladesh, Small-scale fishing communities, Nomad fishers, Translocal livelihoods, Migration. - This thesis explores the causes of poverty and its manifestation in coastal small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh, the ways in which fishers cope with or...

Old-age income support is becoming an issue of growing importance throughout Asia. This is especially true in East and Southeast Asia where the population is aging. This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of pension systems in the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Republic...

Rapid population ageing and economic transformation in Asia raise the policy challenge of ensuring income security in old age. There is growing interest among policymakers in the potential role of noncontributory transfers as an instrument to address a variety of policy challenges, including old...

Ukraine’s gas pricing policy subsidizes gas and heating for all households. As the cost of imported gas rises, this policy increasingly weighs on government finances, sustains energy over-consumption, dampens investment in delivery systems, and undermines incentives for domestic...

We develop and formalize a utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability which is inspired by Singer's (1972) principle and the Brundtland Commission?s notion of sustainability (WCED 1987). We relate this notion of responsibility to established criteria for the assessment of...

There is very little elaboration in literature of the phrase “equitable access to sustainable development” that is referenced in the Cancun Agreement on climate change. We interpret this at a minimum as people’s right to a decent living standard, which gives rise to claims by countries to...