-variable type, meaning that it features both numerical and categorical variables. To homogenize the data for clustering, different …-variable datasets with varying properties. The approach based on Gower’s distance in combination with the clustering algorithm … Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) showed the best results over a wide range of …

clustering on the basis of models of Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR), Porter, or Jacobs, since proximity is known as a key perquisite … endorse the 'clustering' policy. Consequently, this research aims to examine the spatiality and geography of competition and … follows a clustering development pattern. Through the implementation of a causal research design utilizing both in …

geographical distribution of smuggling within a country. In this regard, clustering techniques (both classical and spatial analysis …