(MKR)). Using the Extended Joint Connectedness Approach within a Time-Varying Parameter VAR framework, the analysis …, contrary to their perceived dominance. These systemic roles were further translated into portfolio design, where connectedness …-aware strategies, particularly the Minimum Connectedness Portfolio, demonstrated superior performance relative to traditional variance …

innovative approaches such as the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) time and frequency-domain connectedness …, both the time and frequency-domain connectedness indexes correctly associate with major financial/geopolitical events … characterized by the pandemic crisis compared to the GFC. Finally, our findings for frequency-dependent connectedness networks …