One of the main arguments for implementing public works programmes (PWPs) instead of other social protection schemes such as cash transfers is that the assets created through these programmes themselves can generate medium- to long-term benefits. This is particularly important as the costs for...

Public works programs (PWPs) have long been a common choice to protect people in need by providing temporary jobs and income. They promise more than a paycheck: They offer dignity, visible community investments, and the prospect of long-term progress. But today’s world is changing fast....

Rapid advances in digital technology are transforming how people learn, work and access public services. At the same time, digital skills and work experience are increasingly important for economic inclusion and jobs. This shift presents both opportunities and challenges for social protection...

As climate and environmental challenges increasingly threaten livelihoods worldwide, some countries are turning to public works programs (PWPs) to confront them. This has given rise to “green public works”—PWPs that combine social assistance with environmental and climate objectives, such...

Women often face multiple, gender-specific barriers, such as mobility constraints, and care obligations, that prevent them from accessing income-generating activities, including public works programs (PWPs). A range of “gender-smart” design features can be incorporated in PWPs to enhance...

Women around the world face a heavier care burden than men, restricting their participation in the labor force. At the same time, the shortage of quality, accessible, and affordable care services undermines human development and well-being. Limited investment in early childhood care and...