The increasing number of zombies is becoming a thread for industrial growth due to their inefficiency and lack of performance. Previous studies show that zombies inhibit the growth of non-zombies and prevent the emergence of new ones. However, there is still a lack of research on the...

What problem the Fed and other central banks are solving by printing money and letting interest rates fall to zero is the focus of this paper. This activity does not appear to affect nominal GDP or inflation prior to COVID, and yet central bank liabilities have continued to rise. This suggests...

The economy recovered strongly in 2021, following an unprecedented real output contraction in 2020. However, the outlook remains precarious amidst projected future low growth, high unemployment and adverse debt dynamics, and the recovery pace is unlikely to be sustained. Ample buffers allowed...