using one database versus the other. Hence, heterogeneous reporting standards across data sources and the inhomogeneous … to the IMF and Eurostat trade data. In the most extreme cases the differences to reported trade flows in other data … sources amount to as much as 40 billion $ in measured export flows and to as much as 50 billion $ in bilateral "mirrored …

range of Chinese statistics—from output and employment data to industry profitability—and then elaborates on data sources …