Purpose: We examine whether employee ownership in DC plans are explained by either shared capitalism or managerial entrenchment motives. Design/methodology/approach: We calculate the average monthly risk-adjusted return (alpha) of each portfolio by sorting firms into six portfolio groups based...

This study introduces multiplayer game in the modern pension market. Particularly, this study claims that low earners and high earners have different interests when playing in funded pension market scheme. This differentiating is enabled by avoiding the entire society as a single earning cohort....