Purpose - This research paper aims to determine the factors needed to propose a platform where waqf (Islamic endowment) organizations can collaborate with government public hospitals to develop corporate waqf hospitals. Consequently, the elements of governance and sustainability are included in...

Energy Transition commonly refers to changes during the time of a specific geographical unit, but rarely considers changes in the spatial organization of the energy system and how urban area, place and scale can shape it. Considering the geographies of a low-carbon energy transition means not...

We have entered an era where the importance of decentralized solutions has become more obvious. Blockchain technology and its derivatives are distributed ledger technologies that keep the registry of data between peers of a network. This ledger is secured within a successive over looping...

Competition regulators have identified the potential for blockchain technology to disrupt traditional sponsor-led platforms, like app stores, that have received increased antitrust scrutiny. Enforcement actions by securities regulators, however, have forced blockchain-based platforms to adopt a...

Blockchain systems allow for securely keeping shared records of transactions in a decentralized way. This is enabled by consensus mechanisms. Proof-of-work is the most prominent consensus mechanism but has major shortcomings. In this paper, we focus on proof-of-stake, its best-known alternative....

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a new prototype of trading venues which are revolutionising the way market participants interact. At present, the majority of AMMs are Constant Function Market Makers (CFMMs) where a deterministic trading function determines how markets are cleared. A...

The emergence of so-called “decentralised finance” (DeFi) and a shadow financial system of cryptocurrency exchanges and stablecoin issuers raises the challenge of how to apply technology-neutral regulation so that similar risks are subject to the same rules. This paper makes the case for...

Despite the past decade’s rapid innovation in adapting blockchain technology to new uses, financial intermediation remains elusive except in basic and highly collateralized forms. We introduce the concept of the technical frontier to delimit the kinds of interactions that can feasibly be...