Fast-paced markets require complex interactions from all supply-chain agents to satisfy customer demands and needs. The manufacturing industries face some difficulties in terms of production amounts and smooth delivery rates. Technical experts found that a warm-up period before a production run...

The real-world production inventory systems involve uncertainties surrounding demand, production, defectiveness, and costs, which pose significant challenges. Various methodologies, including interval, fuzzy, stochastic, and fuzzy-stochastic approaches, have been developed to address these...

Background: Determining the optimum shipment quantity in a traditional production system is a competitive business dimension, and developing a reliable shipment policy is decisive for long-term objectives. Currently, significant research in this domain has mainly focused on the optimum shipment...