The concept of Electronic service (eservice) represents one important application of utilizing the use of Information and communication technologies in several areas. E-services are explained as:…deeds, efforts or performances whose delivery is transmitted by information technology. Benefits...

Over the last years, several reports highlighted the market power of very large online platforms that are gatekeeping intermediaries between businesses and consumers, and the difficulty for classic competition policy tools to deal effectively with anti-competitive practices in these platforms....

This article analyses the crucial role of user data for digital markets contestability and presents policy proposals devised to address growing concerns about the dominance of data-rich incumbents in digital markets. To this end, we discuss a data-driven theory of harm that would warrant ex-ante...