A regime in which a uniformly magnetized plasma does not maximize the entropy and possibly becomes unstable to a spatial perturbation in the magnetic field is explored. The physical implication is considered in the context of current generation, magnetic field reconnection, and the dynamo effect.

In emissions trading, the initial allocation of permits is an intractable issue because it needs to be essentially fair to the participating countries. There are many ways to distribute a given total amount of emissions permits among countries, but the existing distribution methods, such as...