The Chinese economy is attempting to undergo a critical transition, shifting from a growth model driven by the intensive exploitation of traditional production factors to one centered on high-quality economic development. This new stage prioritizes regional coordination, environmental...

To establish a comprehensive sustainable development framework that balances economic development and ESG levels, this paper proposes an EESG (Economics, Environment, Social, and Governance) evaluation system. This paper uses the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to calculate and compare the EESG...

This study firstly develops a novel Blue-ESG framework to evaluate marine sustainability across 80 countries over the period 2000-2023. The findings reveal that global Blue-ESG scores follow a "slow rise-fluctuant decline" trend, with a marked decline after 2017, primarily attributable to...

The study presents a Green Economy Index that evaluates the quality of green economies in the BRICS countries based on three pillars: environment, economic performance, and quality of green living. Research findings suggest that the BRICS nations are gradually shifting their focus from mere...