In April and in October 2025 China imposed export controls on rare earths amid escalating trade tensions with the … defence-related industries. Second, drawing on earlier episodes of Chinese export restrictions on critical minerals (notably … strategic constraints on China's ability to implement strict export bans, and innovation-led substitution by targeted countries …

broad export bans against Russia. Besides exerting economic pressure on the aggressor, a central objective was to cut Russia … concerns about the effectiveness of export controls in limiting Russiaʼs military capabilities. This persistence reflects … widespread sanctions evasion and the gradual tightening of export controls. Throughout much of 2022 and 2023, many military …

Export controls play a prominent role in the ongoing technological race between the United States and China. This study … investigates the short-term direct effects of US export controls on US exports as well as the indirect effects of these measures on …

of creative destruction we report that a higher rate of turnover in export activity by entry and exit of firms in the … year before is positively linked to export growth in the current year after controlling for unobserved timeinvariant …