Orszaghova, Lucia; Savelin, Li; Schudel, Willem - European Central Bank - 2013
deficits, can seriously undermine a country’s resilience to economic shocks. Maintaining and enhancing external competitiveness … models have been challenged in recent years. Drawing on previous studies, this paper assesses developments in the external … competitiveness of EU candidate countries between 1999 and 2011. Taking a broad approach to the issue of competitiveness, the paper …