Despite the existence of several attempts to produce iron locally not only along the colonial period but also along the Empire, for different reasons these endeavors failed, each in its own time, and the Brazilian steel-making entered the 20th century with very little practical expression....

This paper summarises the results of the first systematic, detailed prosopographic study of the MPs – the deputados of the Lower Chamber - of the First Portuguese Republic (1910-1926). Data are presented both by legislature and for the overall period. Two kinds of background variables are...