Many federal tax systems employ formula apportionment to allocate the taxable profits of large businesses to the … this gap, I adopt an axiomatic approach and derive a generalized system of formula apportionment based on three criteria …: fixed coverage, positive responsiveness, and external independence. I demonstrate that any formula apportionment system …

could lead to some lessons for an appropriate design for an international profit distribution formula. Methodologically, we … play a central role in the design of the formula. This lesson is important and helpful to accompany and support the …

Fair Play Regulations and Formula One's recent budget cap are highlighted as examples. Furthermore, the paper discusses …

. We construct a novel IV based on the so-called "Swiss formula" that governed Tokyo Round tariff liberalization to provide …