Dorfleitner, Gregor; Utz, Sebastian - In: Review of Managerial Science 18 (2023) 12, pp. 3463-3486
expenses, green virtue for the apparent green performance, and hard ESG data as a measure of the real green performance. The … greenwashing indicator in our framework is based on the difference between real and apparent green performance. This approach … allows the implicit calculation of the real green performance using the concept of a firm misconduct factor that helps to …