Systems relying on renewable energies demonstrated to be a reliable and sustainable option to electrify isolated communities autonomously. Hybrid systems that combine different energy resources and distribution microgrids are the most efficient design configurations. The design of these systems...

We develop a bi-level model for designing an entrant supply chain (SC) in the presence of a pre-existing competing SC where demand is elastic with respect to price and distance. The model assumes dynamic competition between the new and pre-existing SCs in retailers’ level and probabilistic...