Formation and scheduling are the most important decisions in the virtual modular manufacturing system; however, the global performance optimization of the system may be sacrificed via the superposition of two independent decision-making results. The joint decision of formation and scheduling is...

Purpose Credit risk evaluation is a crucial task for banks and non-bank financial institutions to support decision-making on granting loans. Most of the current credit risk methods rely solely on expert knowledge or large amounts of data, which causes some problems like variable interactions...