' and 'informal' institutions. North often associated 'formal institutions' with rules enforced through a legal system. It … results. Some options concerning the meanings of 'culture' and their relation to institutions are briefly noted. Changes in …, and interactions between, 'formal' and 'informal' institutions are considered, with illustrative examples. Contrary to …

breakdown and change, and to shed light on the interplay between formal and informal institutions in this process. The papers in … institutions or the negotiation process that allow them to coexist. Bringing them under one roof emphasises the diversity of lenses … through which institutions can be conceptualised and operationalised. It also highlights some of the issues preventing …