This 2011 Article IV Consultation highlights that Qatar is using its fiscal space, generated from an increase in hydrocarbon production and prices, to implement a large public spending program. Large infrastructure investments are expected to sustain strong growth of 9 percent to 10 percent in...

This paper is an attempt to explore the relationship between the future currency spot rate and the currency futures rates for Indian rupees and US dollar. Cost-of-carry model has been used to derive the implied spot rate from the currency futures rate and examined whether this rate can be an...

This paper examines the macroeconomic factors that drive the Indian corporates’ preference for overseas borrowings. Foreign borrowings by Indian corporates are characterised by a large number of companies accessing international capital markets for small size loans. The policy framework on...

The banking crises of the 1990s emphasize the need to model the connections between volatility and the potential losses faced by financial institutions due to correlated market and credit risks. We present a simulation model that explicitly links changes in the financial environment and the...

A review of the experience of five developing countries in reforming their financial systems illustrates the benefits and risks, and provides lessons on the factors which contribute to successful financial sector reforms. Financial sector reforms need to be supported by active monetary policy,...