This paper studies the availability of post-consumer steel scrap in Europe until 2050. We introduce the indicator potentially available domestic post-consumer scrap (PADPS) which measures the amount of (steel) scrap from obsolete products available for recycling, prior to trade in scrap. We...

The problem of zombie enterprises originated in Japan's bubble economy around 1990. Afterward, after China's oversupply problem in 2016, it gained attention and received policy support from the Chinese government in solving related problems. The contribution of this measurement is to integrate...

Steelmaking represents one of the most carbon-intensive industries – second only to cement – and is responsible for 8% of global CO2 emissions. The creation of a market for premium, low-carbon emission steel products, or ‘green steel’, could serve as a means of generating revenue streams...

Throughout history, governments and investors have relied on predictions of prices for a broad spectrum of commodities. Using time-series data covering 08/23/2013-04/15/2021, this study investigates the challenging problem of predicting scrap steel prices, which are issued daily for the...