Mergenbaeva, Aziza Tojmachambetovna; Nurasheva, Kulyanda; … - In: Economies : open access journal 14 (2026) 4, pp. 1-24
The manuscript aims to assess the scale of shadow economic processes within the non-observed economy, focusing on the self-employment sector, which is insufficiently reflected in national statistics. The research methodology includes an analysis of the conceptual foundations of the shadow...