verweigert werden (Item-Nonresponse), was zu einer Unterschätzung kriminalitätsbezogener Items führt. Somit werden im Besonderen … die Responserate der Surveys und die Anteile von Unit- und Item-Nonresponse in dieser Arbeit betrachtet. Weiterhin werden … the data. Furthermore, it is possible that sensitive questions are rejected by a large part of respondents (item-nonresponse …

Groÿteil der Befragten verweigert werd en (Item-Nonresponse), was zu einer Unterschätzung kriminalitätsbezogener Items führt. S … (item-nonresponse), which leads to an unde restimation of crime-related items. Thus, in particular, the response rate of the … surveys as well as unit- and item-nonresponse are examined in this work. Additionally, methodological features (cov erage …

whether the survey has item nonresponse bias by comparing the demographic characteristics of responders and nonresponders … expectations for bias caused by item nonresponse. We show that there is a positive bias, and the aggregate inflation expectation …

whether the survey has item nonresponse bias by comparing the demographic characteristics of responders and nonresponders … expectations for bias caused by item nonresponse. We show that there is a positive bias, and the aggregate inflation expectation …

. Estimated effects of income and race are noticeably biased. We then examine error due to item non-response and imputation, as …