Restraints clauses that prevent workers from joining (or starting) a competing firm (non-compete clauses), the disclosure of confidential information or the poaching of former co-workers or clients are traditionally justified to protect legitimate business interests (e.g. trade secrets,...

We present evidence for taste-based discrimination against Chinese first authors in economic citations. We utilize a gravity model of citations and interpret the bias as a negative effect of "cultural distance". After controlling for quality as well as author-, paper-, and journal-specific...

While economic factors in directed technical and scientific change have been widely studied, the role of teacher-directed scientific change has received little attention. This paper studies teacher-directed scientific change for one of the largest changes in the direction of research, the...