Petrick, Martin - In: Comparative Economic Studies 63 (2021) 4, pp. 623-647
Kazakhstan, corporate and family farms coexist, labor exited agriculture, and capital inflow boosted labor productivity (a … “Westernization”). In the Transcaucasian and the other Central Asian countries, complete farm individualization did not increase labor … productivity much, in turn keeping rural incomes depressed (a “Southernization” akin to the Global South). Future policies should …