Purpose: To investigate whether present health status influence retirement planning in the new economic challenge post Covid 19. The relationship between present health status and retirement planning should be better explored and investigated for strengthening the retirement planning among...

In empirical studies, the data usually don't include all the variables of interest in an economic model. This paper shows the identification of unobserved variables in observations at the population level. When the observables are distinct in each observation, there exists a function mapping...