Background: Logistics and transport, core of many business processes, are continuously optimized to improve efficiency and market competitiveness. The paper describes a modular coordination of vehicle routing and bin packing problems that enables independent instances of the problems to be...

Cargo stability is a crucial requirement for safe cargo loading and transport. Current state-of-the-art approaches simplify cargo loading to an idealized static problem and employ geometric- and force-based approaches. In this research, we model cargo loading stability as a dynamic problem and...