The constant proportion portfolio insurance is analyzed by assuming that the risky asset price follows a regime switching exponential Lévy process. Analytical forms of the shortfall probability, expected shortfall and expected gain are derived. The characteristic function of the gap risk is...

In Health Impact Assessment (HIA), or priority-setting for health policy, effects of risk factors (exposures) on health need to be modeled, such as with a Markov model, in which exposure influences mortality and disease incidence rates. Because many risk factors are related to a variety of...