This paper examines the wage implications of temporary migration for two cohorts of Italian Ph.D.s. Special attention is given to the duration of the international experience, its contribution to earned wages and the selectivity of returnees. Returnees are found to be a self-selected group whose...

The proportion of the population being of working age is decreasing. One way to counteract this development is accepting labor immigration. In this article, we look at the part of labor immigration that comes from what is called third countries (countries outside EEA). Some of those who come to...

The immigrant population increased by 32 million in 37 European countries from 1990-2019. Much of this movement was internal, from east to west Europe. Although both the destination and origin countries could be affected, we find no effects on aggregate subjective well-being in either group,...

On December 8, 2024, the sudden collapse of Bashar al‑Assad's regime, abruptly changed Syria's political landscape and reshaped the return prospects for millions of Syrians living abroad. We exploit this unanticipated regime change as a natural experiment to estimate the causal impact of...