This paper analyzes the genericity of bifurcations of one-parameter families of smooth (C1) vector fields that are embedded in an underlying multi-dimensional parameter space. Bifurcations with crossing equilibrium loci are called 'split bifurcations.' They include, for example, the pitchfork...

A modified invasion percolation model that includes migration and fragmentation processes is presented. Fluid clusters were formed using the ordinary gravity invasion percolation model. Migration of fluid clusters was driven by buoyancy forces. The fluid formed a fragmented structure oriented in...