in financial research. We develop a momentum-based normalization framework that transforms heterogeneous rating changes …

a normalization-based framework to evaluate container terminal performance by standardizing operational parameters … parameter definition, normalization, weight assignment, index calculation, and performance classification. Results: The findings … demonstrate that normalization ensures a transparent and adaptable evaluation framework. Sample calculations show how parameter …

on self-normalization. Finally, an empirical application to health care spending as a function of temperature deviations …

on self-normalization. Finally, an empirical application to health care spending as a function of temperature deviations …