Nonrandom sampling schemes are often used in program evaluation settings to improve the quality of inference. This paper considers what we call treatment-based sampling, a type of standard stratified sampling where part of the strata are based on treatment status. This paper establishes...

We address a quality control problem frequently encountered in multi-stage pharmaceutical supply chains transporting drugs from a producer to a wholesaler and eventually to retailers (pharmacies). Depending on the transportation modes and storage methods used, the stages may expose the drugs to...

This article introduces a new model for transaction prices in the presence of market microstructure noise in order to study the properties of the price process on two different time scales, namely, transaction time where prices are sampled with every transaction and tick time where prices are...