independently emerge in four different data sets and are strikingly stable over time. They predict out-of-sample behavior equally …

predicted by the trading volume of the cryptocurrency both in-sample and out-of-sample. The estimates of gold and the dollar … notable result in the out-of-sample predictability is the predictability of the returns on value-weighted portfolio by gold … unrestricted model is significant in improving out-of-sample predictability of the portfolio returns using gold. From the empirical …