In this paper, I study the effect of parallel trade (cross border resale of goods without the authorization of the … via reimbursement limits. Parallel trade may relax regulation in the source country of parallel imports (South) and … intensify regulation in the destination country (North): In the source country, parallel trade may relax regulation both under a …

I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel … imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel … imports in a vertical differentiation model with a locally sourced version and a parallel import offered by n identical …

pharmaceuticals on competition by parallel imports. First, I analyze the effect of a manufacturer rebate on competition by parallel … imports in a two-country model. An increase in the manufacturer rebate increases the market share of parallel imports. Second … data set with prescription drugs with competition from parallel imports, I estimate the effect of the change in the …

I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel … imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel … imports in a vertical differentiation model with a locally sourced version and a parallel import offered by n identical …

barriers that legalized "parallel imports" within the European Union. The threat of arbitrage by parallel traders reduces the … pharmaceutical firms in the EU with respect to their product portfolios is consistent with attempts to reduce parallel trade. This … may at least partially explain why parallel trade has not yet resulted in significant price convergence across EU …

This Chapter addresses the topic of intellectual property (IP) exhaustion in the context of the parallel trade of … parallel trade. A large of number of these countries are, however, developed countries, whereas several developing countries … and LDCs instead prohibits parallel imports. This finding is perplexing, and the reasons for this restrictive approach are …