This paper primarily reviews the panel stochastic frontier (SF) model in which the composite error term εit has four components, i.e. εit=τi−ηi+vit−uit, where ηi and uit are the persistent and transient inefficiency components, τi is the random firm effect and vit is the random noise....

Current literature on public hospital efficiency in Australia only reveals information on how efficient public hospitals are in the short run. The presence of persistent technical inefficiency arising from long-term systemic problems and government-related regulatory constraints does not appear...

Despite measures on the European level to increase the compatibility between the HE sectors of the member states, the recent literature exposes variations in their efficiencies. To gain insights into these differences we split the efficiency term according to the two management levels each...