-time physics engine fitted for cargo loading and (b) a physics-informed learning model trained on cargo loading data. Both …

-based, physics-based, and data-driven models to propose an integrated approach that enhances prediction accuracy, aligning with … weaknesses of knowledge-based, physics-based, and data-driven models in predictive maintenance. The study assesses existing ….Findings: The review indicates that no single approach-whether knowledge-based, physics-based, or data-driven-is sufficient to meet …