Latif, Saima; Aslam, Faheem; Ferreira, Paulo; Iqbal, Sohail - In: Economies : open access journal 13 (2025) 1, pp. 1-28
Forecasting stock markets is challenging due to the influence of various internal and external factors compounded by the effects of globalization. This study introduces a data-driven approach to forecast S&P 500 returns by incorporating macroeconomic indicators including gold and oil prices, the...