received considerable attention among researchers. In this paper, the image preprocessing is considered as an optimization …. The document image preprocessing step is the basis of all other steps in OCR (Optical Character Recognition) system, such … as binarization, segmentation, skew correction, layout extraction, textual zones detection and OCR. Without preprocessing …

. Facing to the challenges related to the trajectories, e.g., different sizes, the authors introduce a preprocessing step to …

as a preprocessing of the input. The authors present new theorems for deducing promptly the first skyline points and …

Abstract: Empirically analyzing household behavior usually relies on informal data preprocessing. That is, before an …-parametric approach to preprocessing data and as a way to formalize informal procedures. To illustrate this, we use German micro-data on … which are more stable with respect to model specification and that this type of formal preprocessing is especially useful if …

It is generally believed that preprocessing procedure can reduce the transportation and storage costs of biomass … feedstock for biofuel production by condensing the feedstock’s size. However, the capital costs of preprocessing facilities …, this study evaluates the economic values of a preprocessing technology, stretch‐wrap baling, in the biomass feedstock …