For this Flash Eurobarometer, a representative sample of citizens, aged 15 and over, in four selected enlargement countries (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) was interviewed. Between 13 January and 2 February 2025, 3 539 interviews were conducted over the telephone (landline and...

For this Flash Eurobarometer, a representative sample of citizens, aged 15 and over, in four selected enlargement countries (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) was interviewed. Between 13 January and 2 February 2025, 3 539 interviews were conducted over the telephone (landline and...

This Special Eurobarometer 564 report is a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood (DG ENEST) and conducted between February and March 2025. This report delves into various aspects of EU enlargement, providing...

In an election, protest voters signal their discontent with the party they traditionally support in different ways. This paper examines a specific form of protest voting in which voters choose an anti-mainstream party over their true first preference, the mainstream party, as a way to signal...