Firms in developed countries face increasing shortages of young workers. This paper studies the importance of young workers, particularly vocational trainees, for firm technology investments. Leveraging exogenous variation in trainee supply caused by an education reform in Germany in 2001, I...

The Initiative for coal regions in transition has developed this toolkit as part of its knowledge products to assist practitioners in coal regions (including peat and oil shale regions) across Europe. The aim of this toolkit is to help stakeholders to address the upskilling and reskilling needs...

In the 2021-2027 programming period, the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and Just Transition Fund (JTF) play a significant role in support to skills. Additional funds, such as the Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF), Erasmus+, Technical Support...

Transversal skills like critical thinking, teamwork, and learning skills are essential for work, education and daily life. Developing and recognising these skills play an important role in promoting sustainable economic growth, social inclusion, and competitiveness. The EU supports employers,...

This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to...

This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to...

The objective of the document is to explore the current and evolving role of European public employment services (PES) in the international recruitment of skilled labour and develop recommendations to expand and/or streamline their role. The document maps current involvement of PES structured...